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| Now the bands don't flip, so jacket can be worn open |
Experience told me this design would end up with the bands flipping backwards as if on a lengthwise hinge, a situation I privately think of as a "flip hinge." This "flip hinge" is always going to be created along the column where a garter band (border) meets a stockinette-type fabric. Along this column, the garter stitch borders will fold back and flip so far under the stockinette fabric as to be invisible. This is not just true of front bands, as on this little jacket, but also true where ever a garter stitch border is called for--whether a sweater, scarf, shawl or afghan block.
In past posts, TECHknitting has offered two cures for this problem: zig-zag bands and facings. Both of these solutions really do cure flip. Yet, neither of these cures quite suited the style of the little lacy sweater. There was significant shaping alongside the front bands, so the zig-zag method would not have worked, and a facing would have been too bulky for the style of the garment. What to do?
Combining a couple of TECH-tricks resulted in a pretty good 2-part cure. It's not perfect: serious blocking was also required, and even now a very slight tendency to flip remains. Yet the situation is so improved that the jacket can be worn open, as shown in the photo above.
Intro
The first part of the cure took advance planning. As the garment was knit, the garter stitch border was lengthened to match the abutting stockinette fabric. The second part involved the finishing process--adding a column of stitches with a crochet hook all along the flip-hinge column, which strengthened and neutralized the fabric along this line. Finally, blocking helped all lay flat.
Why lengthen the garter stitch border?
Why would lengthening a garter stitch band combat flip? Garter stitch is actually shorter, row for row, than stockinette. In stockinette, the stitches lay smooth and long but in garter stitch the stitches are diverted into the thickness of the fabric. In other words, any one knitted stitch can either be thick or it can be long. Because the stitches in a garter stitch fabric are busy being thicker, they end up shorter.
When a short fabric is knit row-for-row alongside a longer one, the shorter one (the garter stitch border) pulls the longer one (the adjoining stockinette fabric) into a sort of a crescent. This stress is one (but not the only!) cause of band flipping. By lengthening the garter stitch band of the little lacy jacket, this particular stress disappeared, so less tension existed to cause flipping in the first place.
When a short fabric is knit row-for-row alongside a longer one, the shorter one (the garter stitch border) pulls the longer one (the adjoining stockinette fabric) into a sort of a crescent. This stress is one (but not the only!) cause of band flipping. By lengthening the garter stitch band of the little lacy jacket, this particular stress disappeared, so less tension existed to cause flipping in the first place.
How to lengthen the garter stitch band: short rows
In all the below illustrations, the BLUE stitches are the garter stitch band, the RED are the abutting stockinette fabric.
To lengthen, short rows were inserted on the jacket's garter stitch band after every 10th row, per schematic below.
Geek note: This ratio works pretty well for me, but your experience might lead to choosing a different frequency for inserting short rows.
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| Added short rows illustrated in white |
For further information about short rows, there are two posts: first, the theory of short rows, second, several different methods of creation. The kind used on this project are called "wrap and lift," the third kind covered in the how-to post (scroll). The "wraps" were formed around the first stitch of the stockinette on the jacket front, NOT the last stitch of the garter fabric of the band: the band was always knitted full width.
Sometimes, especially in a loose knit, just lengthening the garter stitch band prevents flipping, when combined with a serious blocking. However, I was pretty sure that with this cotton jacket, more was required, so it was on to the second step--the stabilizing column of stitches.
Add a stabilizing column of stitches
along the "mini tube" of the flip hinge
This step was done with a crochet hook and a length of running yarn. It involves crocheting a column of slip stitches onto the column where the flipping wants to take place.
Specifically, the last column of the garter stitch front band where it meets the stockinette fabric of the garment is the column acting as the flip hinge. If you poke at this column, you'll see this hinge column is actually a mini-tube.
This mini-tube in the fabric happens because garter stitch is thick, but stockinette is not. Where a thick fabric meets a thinner one, the ladder from each row of yarn must be "drawn in" from the thicker to the thinner. Because these ladders are being drawn in from the two opposite faces of the garter stitch fabric, one after another, they form this mini-tube.
The ladders of the mini-tube are illustrated in green below.
This mini-tube in the fabric happens because garter stitch is thick, but stockinette is not. Where a thick fabric meets a thinner one, the ladder from each row of yarn must be "drawn in" from the thicker to the thinner. Because these ladders are being drawn in from the two opposite faces of the garter stitch fabric, one after another, they form this mini-tube.
The ladders of the mini-tube are illustrated in green below.
If you have a sample handy, you might like to poke a crochet hook into this tube and see for yourself. Your set-up should look like the illustration below.
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| Mini-tube with crochet hook inserted |
Once the crochet hook has been inserted into the ladders of mini-tube, the running yarn is drawn through the tube in a series of crocheted chain stitches, working down the tube, ladder by ladder.
The work is turned so that the INSIDE of the band is facing, meaning, the stockinette fabric facing you is the PURLED face--the REVERSE stockinette on the inside of the garment. Once turned, the blue garter fabric formerly on the right (above) is now on the left (below).
The crochet hook catches a loop in the running yarn, illustrated in gold.
This loop is drawn downward THROUGH mini-tube, below the ladder in green marked "1." Next, the crochet hook is pushed UP in the air on the OUTSIDE of the mini tube, so that it now passes in FRONT of ladder 1, with the golden loop remaining parked around its barrel. In other words, the loop is parked around the hook barrel and therefore is forced to remain stuck in position below ladder 1, as shown, while the hook itself is free to rise up on the outside of the mini-tube, above ladder 1. Finally, the crochet hook again catches the running yarn.
The crochet hook is next pulled downward, taking the running yarn with it in a new loop. The hook with its running yarn passes in FRONT of ladder 1, then passes through the first golden loop made, and then gets pulled BELOW the ladder marked "2."
This second loop is again left parked around the barrel of the crochet hook just as the first loop was, while the hook is again pushed UP in the air on the OUTSIDE of the mini tube, so that it now passes in front of ladder 2. Again, the crochet hook catches the running yarn, as illustrated.
These steps are repeated, meaning in the next step, the crochet hook will form a new loop out of the running yarn--the third loop--and again pulls this loop down, passing in front of ladder 2, through the second golden loop, and down below ladder 3, where it is again parked around the hook barrel, while the crochet hook again goes up the outside of the mini tube in search of the running yarn for loop 4.
Each new loop drawn in FRONT of the preceding ladder and THROUGH the preceding loop--the new loop of running yarn therefore going through TWO loops each time--the old gold loop left parked around the hook-barrel and the next green ladder below.
At the end of this process, there are two ends to work in, one at the top, and one at the bottom of each band. However, these are easy to skim into the chain stitches you've made in the mini-tube.
At the end of this process, there are two ends to work in, one at the top, and one at the bottom of each band. However, these are easy to skim into the chain stitches you've made in the mini-tube.
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| The added stitches form a chain |
Using a crochet hook to stuff these chain stitches behind and into the core of the mini-tube column pretty much disables the flip hinge action of that column. The golden stitches get in the way of the mini-tube's flip action, so the bordering garter stitches can't flip back as easily.
As mentioned earlier, the last step is severe BLOCKING--without blocking, the golden stitches can't do the job by themselves. However, with these stitches added, and with the blocking, the garter borders will lay, well... perhaps not perfectly flat, but a LOT flatter with a LOT LESS flipping than without the operation--flat enough to wear the garment open, at any rate, as shown by the opening photo.
One final note: where the short rows are, the rhythm of the fabric is disturbed. However, the mini-tube does continue through the disturbance. This is because, per above, the band is knit full-width: then wrap goes around the first stockinette stitch, not around the last garter stitch. Poking around with a crochet hook, you'll find that the tube continues, even through the disturbance.
--TK
PS: For more in-depth on the lacy jacket, here's its Ravelry project page.